Surgical drill



April 20, 1948.

J. H. GIESEN SURGICAL DRILL 6 Shets-Sheet 1 Filed Jan. 19, 1945 April20,1948. J. H. GIESEN' 2 4 9 80 SURGICAL DRILL Filed Jan. 19,1945 GSheets-Sheet 3 April 1948. J. H. GlES EN 2,439,803

SURGICAL DRILL Filed Jan. 19, 1945 6 Sheets-Sheetfi M 3mm QEH. Qiflsem April 20,1948, 4. H. GI ESEN 2,439,803

SURGICAL DRILL Filed Jan. 19, 1945 6 shee' -s eat 5 April 20, 1948;

J. H. GIES EN SURGICAL DRILL Fnedumg. 19'; 1945 s Sheets-sheaf s 3mm J 17. ziz'esen Patented Apr. 20, 1948 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE SURGICAL DRILL Josef H. Giesen, United States Navy Application January 19, 1945, SerialNo. 573,616 g 7 Claims. (c1.12s s1o) (Granted under the act of March 3, 1883, as

This invention relates to surgical drills. Diiiiculties'have been experienced in the use of present day surgical drills in that oftentimes it is difiicult to tighten the drill chuck sufflciently to prevent slippage in operation. This is due to the lack of a sufiicient gripping surface on the chuck, or to the fact that the surgeon usually has wet gloves, with which it is diflicult to grasp the chuck tightly. Even where a sufiicient grip on the chuck is possible, it has often been difficult to hold the handle of the operating gear from turning when tightening the chuck, because of the high leverage between the chuck and the gear. Ordinarily a 3 to 1 ratio is used which usually provides sumcient torque on the drill in the drill-' ing operation; but in reverse transmission of the forces, from the chuck to the gear, in which a higher torque on the gear handle is produced by a small turning efiort'on the chuck, especially with wet gloved hands, is this tightening of chucks made difiicult. Further difficulties have been experienced in attempting'to guide a long,

thin-drill or pin during the drilling operation. Furthermore, some types of chucks remain tight as long as the drill is operated in one direction, but upon reversal of direction of operation, they have a tendency to loosen.

The object of this invention is to provide a surgical drill wherein all the above diificulties are eliminated by the novel structure incorporated therein.

A further object is to construct a drill which may be conveniently handled by a surgeon and which has guide holes throughout the length of the body of the drill for mounting adjustable guide means for the drill, so as to accommodate long, thin drills, pins, or wires for insertion into bone structure.

Another object is to provide a drill construction having a chuck and means for efiectively tightening it over the inserted drill, and which Willhold the drill firmly, once properly tightened, regardless of the direction of operation.

A' further object is to construct a surgical drill having change-speed means, locking means and adjustable drill guide means for guiding very thin but long drills, pins, or wires for insertion into bone structure.

Another object is to provide a-surgical drill having convenient change-speed means, locking means, and ratchet means for selectively limiting the direction of operation, as well as adjustable guide means for long, thin drills.

Other and more specific objects of this invention will appear in the'followin'g detailed descripamended April 30, 1928; 370 O. G. 157) 2 tion, having reference to the ings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of one form of the invention shown with the guide means collapsed to accompanying draw- .substantially its shortest dimension;-

Fig. 2 is a side view thereof partly in section;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1; v 1

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on the line 4-4 ofF'ig.3;

Fig. 5 is a cross sectional view taken on the line 55 ofFig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view taken on the line 66ofFig.5; Q

Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken on the line 7-4 of Fig. 3; A

Fig. 8 is a detail view in section of the changespeed mechanism in this form of drill;

Figs. 9 to 1 1 are drill end views of the mechanism showing the drill guidein three difierent positions for accommodation of different sized drills;

Fig. 12 is'a detailsectional view of the guide means;

Fig. 13 is a detail sectional view of one of the guide clips; 1

Fig. 14 is a section taken on the line l4l4 of Fig.13;

Figs. 15 to 25 show various views of another form of this invention with various sectional details to show its operation.

Referring to the several figures, wherein similar parts are designated by the same numerals, the drill illustrated, has an aluminum body or casing I with a convenient grip portion 2 at one end, containing the gear mechanism in its middle portion 3, and a bearing-4 at its other end, with a chuck shaft 5 extending therethrough, having a chuck 6 mounted thereon, of the type which will not loosen regardless of the direction of operation. The body has guide holes 1 extending throughout its length for accommodating the two shafts 8 and 9 of the guide means which are slidably inserted therein, and may be adjusted .to any position of extension to a maximum disthe :1 to 1.4,

er distribution of supports along the length oi the drill l1. Each clip I has a series of bores I8, I9, 25 and 2| arranged so that the aiisr ofone of them will register with the axisfloi the drill for each of the four positions thattheguide means might assume by placing the shafitsizflzan'd- 9 in different relations with respect to the three guide holes 1 provided in the body of the'drill.

Sizes of drills or pins intermediate, the :sizes-iof these guide bores might obviouslymeiaccommodated by the next larger-"size bore in these guide clips '1 1 c i r 1 Twoiillustrative forms of the mi e W Shown i -$1. dr w sesnae i th-hin Shown n 25. In the r t;

pivoted on the ,cen

a onnected l. r v riirrat heti oven-.33 ,QzWQiQh-fi cam 28 is rotatably mounted. The caxn hasa on rol le e .c hhelei eeeemhriseen 3. 9 "Th ratchet cover also has pivotally mounted thereon ma l: 2 SPEBE?P1TQ$QQ;:RQWIS: Enchant ea h side of the cam 28, so that by operation of; the

tion s, either pawl may be released;

a veresitioeavai emanate-fished inerti tive. The ratchet 25, against which the pawls e. is :risidln mq eie eeeeihqiheye t r .um vserv iitiiqes hi p 23 9. 19? ve s 4.0. regretted-rapt unit Sa -43 m or s ea ch ck shaft 5 has rotatably mounted on the; end

here feth i re g areifieee hieeiwith the ete gear 43 and the bevel gear 45 meshing with gea r the. ellete rieis dehlnsr inadpe said; a

between gears 44 and 45 for the purpose of e en through teeth formed on the ends thereof; in-gsh V mpu n-mer er: me ar a-a ia as We pps L" o oth;

ees determinants: the

by 1 thel r ov :3 rut thereinaguided hunger nsi n-.9 1. th scrawny theextend dmg ii mt sip n. sin nerativ rbnt when itiszpushed lideso-i to, hesroovehetneen nyetwo teeth -;0I1.- a he vbev v,

' 7 ;.hgw:sma1l the-force :us,ed; by;.the sur eondn grinn ogits in erirositicn. :the 2 091 11 13 gear 38,- and thus locks, the drillhandle against movement,-. for; th gpurposes fi p mi tin .-th

hten n rorrzlqosemn oI..;- he whack; 6-. 3951112 101113 H A 3 ncl des Fi s- 5 :t a m hez ere inexlever his.

in am hes izi'siitf e dr l n o msti an v9i ieiiihsaecreel -een a, The

en ge finior 7 4 "fits, as, well, as

4 ment of gears, in that the change-speed mech anism, instead of being controlled by a lever such as 41 in the first-described form of drill, has the sliding bar 53 mounted in the cover plate 54 5 which is adaptable to slide into one or the other of two grooves: 55 in the stationary portion of the drilL or 55 in the rotatable handle portion i rq th idiinal ar Fi t mbrd i the groove 55 of the movable portion, the gear unit including the bevel gear 38, shaft 51, cover plate 54, and handle 45, rotates and the bevel "i'rii6nl58 which meshes with gear 38 is thus rotate d and rotates the drill shaft 5 by reason of its'biri'g pinned thereto by pin 59. When the 1: 3, slidingbar;53;iisimoved in the opposite direction and engaged with groove in the stationary portion of the drill, this releases the cover plate v- .fi4 fiiom;the:rotamportion, and since the internal rlri'ng 'gear Ellis rigidly mounted thereon by pins 20 5|, it immobilizes this ring gear. The drive of edzi ,sliait t am otheli eii eii thmsi egeent aitsea zr h the ii rp sarsfiiaedihsn w en age PAW he e w are s i n t-emi r rorn t hedirect e it d eni o e iwe eim e. i t i r ni bu s h ees wi her-n 1. P he-i eawh s n; c

1. 1 1) YSQHQIQHPIW. ege idls e izi iaki reqt q create? wh i-t dr wi h i'i ei s ex lea :Ph son e W 52i t er m ht esa ilr thdrawne s We t as -.1 2. r n .deal;eh ih 1 d r zone WQQQg release n nit r inee he dri i a se ounte o lsw se- ,:T: e stan ard il a b i;eh s;s nq 9 -:porated.inrthexpre ent :drills :fit th requi ement-'vemwel1. o, 1(3). :A,.,most :annoying notation of rtheetlrill handle occurs upon tightening ;ore,;releasing jthe h ck ofithersta danl u i l dr l osmatter pin 'liheidrill handle.-. ;This.,-is soibecausezoithe ea r tige al t; m::. .;t.Q '1,: se .inm s drills, is reversedgandi therefore, a;m9S11;=p 0We tur -gri 311E011; the '1 dri nhandle .i znecessary. in ordeptoeprevent its rotation when; the-chuck :is,

t htenegl oy-er.

ol-.-thel eie ;v d n i shi mna same the huck. The outeh suriaqe of" thisch cl; is

hank

(2) In the standard drill,

being properly tightened or loosened. Such rotation very frequently tears the surgeons gloves and also traumatizes his hands. In the present drill, locking means are provided for locking the handle against rotation during the chucking operation. 7

(4) In the drilling operation or insertion of wire or screws, slippage of the chuck is common in standard surgical drills because improper leverage is obtained when the generally moist or wet surgical-gloved hand slides over the chuck in attempting to tighten it. This maneuver often requires the use of pliers or other devices. In the chucks here disclosed, this difficulty is avoided by providing sufiicient tightening means with plenty of purchase, so that there is no danger of slippage.

The drill may be constructed of aluminum, preferably with following specifications:

Inches Length 9 Width 2 Thickness The guide holes in the illustrated forms of the present device, drilled entirely through its length, are of 1%,- inch diameter. The drill is machined in its interior to accommodate a driver gear with handle attached, and pinion gear, and lock mechanism. The driver gear is of 1% inches diameter with a gear ratio of 3 A to 1. The overall length in collapsed position of the guide is 12 inches, Whereas in the extended position, it may be as much as 18 inches or more.

Although only two modifications of the present invention are herein described, it may be made in any other form and dimensions to suit the specific purpose for which it is to be used, without departing from the scope of this invention.

The invention described herein may be manufactured and made by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.

What is claimed is:

1. A surgical drill comprising a body having guide bores throughout the length thereof, a drill shaft, an operating handle, a two-speed gear train operated thereby, and means for changing the speed ratio so arranged within the body of the drill as to clear the guide bores, latch means for locking said gear train against displacement, a chuck mounted on said drill shaft having means for tighteningand loosening it over a drill, screw, or pin inserted therein, said chuck being of a type which will not loosen upon reverse operation, and extensible guide means having shafts slidable in said guide bores and provided with guide plates adjustable along the shafts.

2. An extensible guide means for slidably mounting in the body of a drill for guiding a drill, screw, or pin operated by said drill, retaining means in said body for said guide means, to prevent their accidental sliding therein, a series of guide plates adjustable along said guide means for supporting said drill, screw, or pin along its exposed portion during the drilling operation, and a spring clip incorporated in each guide plate for providing friction against said guide means to retain said guide plates in any slidable adjustable position on said guide means.

3. A surgical drill comprising a body having guide bores throughout the length thereof, a drill shaft, an operating handle, a two-speed gear train operated thereby and means for.

ing shafts slidable inzsaid guide bores and provided with guide plates adjustable along the shafts, and a pawl and ratched mounted within said drill body for selectively limiting the direction of operation of said drill.

4. An extensible guide means for slidably mounting in the body of a drill for guiding a drill, screw, or pin operated by said drill, retaining means in said body for said guide means to prevent their accidental sliding therein and a series of guide clips adjustable along said guide means for supporting said drill, screw, or pin along its exposed portion during the drilling operation, wherein the body of the drill has two guide holes extending throughout the length of the body on one side thereof, and equally spaced from a third guide hole similar thereto on the other side of the body at a different distance from the axis of the drill than that of the said two guide holes, said guide means having two shafts slidably fitting into said guide holes and spaced apart the same distance as the guide holes so that the guide means may be applied to two of the three guide holes in four different positions, an end plate fixed at the end of said shafts having a bore lined up with the axis of the drill for each of said four positions, said series of guide clips comprising a series of similar plates slidably mounted on said shafts between said end plate and said drill, having spring clips incorporated therein for providing friction against said shafts to retain them in any suitably adjustable position thereon. V

5. An extensible guide means for slidably mounting in the body of a drill for guiding a drill, screw, or pin operated by said drill, retaining means in said body for said guide means to prevent their accidental sliding therein and a series of guide clips adjustable along said guide means for supporting said drill, screw, or pin along its exposed portion during the drilling operation, wherein the body of the drill has two guide holes extending throughout the length of the body on one side thereof, and equally spaced from a third guide hole similar thereto on the other side of the body at a different distance from the axis of the drill than that of the said two guide holes, said guide means having two shafts slidably fitting into said guide holes and spaced apart the same distance as the guide holes so that the guide means may be applied to two of the three guide holes in four different positions, an end plate fixed at the end of said shafts having a bore lined up with the axis of the drill for each of said four positions, said series of guide clips comprising a series of similar plates slidably mounted on said shafts between said end plate and said drill, having spring clips incorporated therein for providing friction against said shafts to retain them in any slidably adjustable position thereon, a second end plate slidably mounted on said shafts and having a pair of sleeves fixed thereto on the drill side and slidable over sa'id'shafts, said second end plate thereby serving as a shield limiting 

